Issue |
Ann. Phys. Fr.
Volume 14, Number 2, 1989
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|
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Page(s) | 147 - 167 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/anphys:01989001402014700 | |
Published online | 01 June 2004 |
From supernovae to phosphorites. I.
ENS Paris, France
Phosphorus is a key element for life as we know it. It is however an accessory mineral and it is scarce in the "observable" universe. In this paper we shall review its abundance in its successive locations with comments on mechanisms of concentration and suggestions for complementary studies that become feasible now. We shall confirm the idea that life must have appeared in an aqueous environment considerably enriched in phosphate unlike interstellar space. Sedimentary phosphate in high concentration might be considered a clear sign for past life, depletion of inorganic phosphate in solution points conversely towards saturated biological activity. The oxidation of phosphorus to phosphate was an important event that can be studied now in meteorites. Other molecules containing phosphorus should be looked for in interstellar space and may be also in supernovae remnants.
Résumé
Le phosphore est un élément fondamental pour la vie telle que nous la connaissons. C'est cependant un composant accessoire du monde minéral et il est rare dans l'Univers "observable". Nous allons passer en revue dans cet article son abondance sous ces formes successives et nous commenterons des mécanismes de concentration pour suggérer des études complémentaires qui deviennent maintenant faisables. Nous allons confirmer l'idée que la vie a dû apparaître dans un environnement aqueux considérablement enrichi en phosphates contrairement donc au milieu interstellaire. On peut considérer une forte concentration de phosphate sédimentaire comme une trace claire d'une vie passée, inversement une activité biologique peut être limitée par l'épuisement du phosphate soluble. L'oxidation du phosphore en phosphate a marqué un changement important que l'on peut étudier dans les météorites. On doit aussi continuer la recherche d'autres molécules con-tenant du phosphore dans le milieu interstellaire et peut-être aussi dans les restes de supernovae.
PACS: 8790 – Other topics in biophysics, medical physics, and biomedical engineering / 9135L – Geochemistry / 9260H – Chemical composition and chemical interactions in the lower atmosphere / 9840B – Interstellar matter / 9710T – Stellar abundances and chemical composition / 9165 – Geophysical aspects of geology and mineralogy / 9650M – Meteorites, micrometeorites / 9840N – Supernova remnants / 9760B – Supernovae
Key words: atmospheric composition / Earth composition / element relative abundance / evolution biological / geochemistry / interstellar matter / minerals / phosphorus / stellar composition / supernova remnants / supernovae / geochemistry / atmosphere / hydrosphere / composition / origin of life / stars / biological evolution / phosphorites / mineral / concentration / aqueous environment / phosphate / interstellar space / saturated biological activity / oxidation / meteorites / supernova remnants / P
© EDP Sciences, 1989